Unold. Dependence of Phase Transitions on Halide Ratio in Inorganic CsPb(BrxI1-x)3 Perovskite Thin Films Obtained from High-Throughput Experimentation. J. Mainz. Photon flux determination of a liquid-metal jet x-ray source by means of photon scattering. J. All three points lie on a circle known as the focussing circle, as shown in green. The figure at the bottom shows the time evolution of a phase transition in a perovskite thin film.įor more information, please see the references: Bragg-Brentano Parafocussing Circles In the following diagram, the source is represented by the point S, the receiving slit on the detector by the point D, and the centre of the goniometer circle (s) by the point O. Using weakly focusing optics, the time resolution can reach the sub-second regime – here shown with a measurement of a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber film used for solar cells. The setup fills a gap between synchrotron beamlines – with high photon flux, but low availability – and standard XRD – with high availability, but insufficient photon flux. Funding information The following funding is acknowledged: National Science Foundation, Directorate for Materials Research (grant No. The original figure (Hulbert & Kriven, 2023) showed the angle 2 + drawn incorrectly. In a polycrystalline film with randomly oriented crystallites, the BB-XRD allows measurement of the d-spacing of multiple planes of different orientations. 1 b) only detects diffractions from the crystallographic planes parallel to the surface of the sample. At the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), a MetalJet source is used to investigate chemical and physical reactions during growth or decay of photovoltaic absorber films or in-operando studies of batteries by in-situ 2D-XRD. Revised diagram showing BraggBrentano XRD geometry. The Bragg-Brentano XRD (BB-XRD) configuration (Fig.
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